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সোলার ট্র্যাকার: প্যানেল রোদের দিকে ঘোরেSolar Tracker with Arduino

প্যানেলের দুই পাশে দুইটা LDR, মাঝে পাতা-জাতীয় ছায়া দেওয়া। যে পাশে রোদ কম, সে পাশের পড়া কমে — servo সেদিকে ধীরে ঘোরে, দুই পাশ সমান হলে থামে — তখন প্যানেল রোদের মুখোমুখি। Voltage sensor দেখায় ঘোরার সময় প্যানেল কত watt দিচ্ছে।

Two LDRs sit on either side of a fin on the panel. The shaded one reads lower, and the servo steps toward the brighter side until both agree — the panel is then square to the sun. The voltage sensor over a 47 ohm load shows what the panel actually produces as it turns.

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সার্কিট ডায়াগ্রাম · Circuit diagram

Solar Tracker with Arduino circuit diagram — Arduino Uno, Light sensor (LDR), Resistor 10000Ω, Servo motor (SG90), LCD 16x2 with I2C, Solar panel (6 V), Voltage sensor (0–25 V), Resistor 47Ω, Jumper wires

যা যা লাগবে · Parts you need

তার লাগানো · Wiring

Arduino Uno 5V→Light sensor (LDR) a
Light sensor (LDR) b→Arduino Uno A0
Arduino Uno A0→Resistor a
Resistor b→Arduino Uno GND
Arduino Uno 5V→Light sensor (LDR) a
Light sensor (LDR) b→Arduino Uno A1
Arduino Uno A1→Resistor a
Resistor b→Arduino Uno GND
Servo motor (SG90) VCC→Arduino Uno 5V
Servo motor (SG90) GND→Arduino Uno GND
Servo motor (SG90) SIG→Arduino Uno D9
LCD 16x2 with I2C VCC→Arduino Uno 5V
LCD 16x2 with I2C GND→Arduino Uno GND
LCD 16x2 with I2C SDA→Arduino Uno A4
LCD 16x2 with I2C SCL→Arduino Uno A5
Solar panel (6 V) +→Voltage sensor (0–25 V) VCC
Voltage sensor (0–25 V) VCC→Resistor a
Resistor b→Solar panel (6 V) -
Voltage sensor (0–25 V) GND→Solar panel (6 V) -
Voltage sensor (0–25 V) S→Arduino Uno A2
Solar panel (6 V) -→Arduino Uno GND

Code (Arduino C++)

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <Servo.h>
// Sun tracker: two LDRs sit on either side of the panel behind a small fin, so the
// shaded one reads lower. Whichever side is brighter, the servo steps that way
// until both read about the same — the panel is then square to the sun. The
// voltage sensor measures the panel's output over a 47 ohm load so you can watch
// the watts while the panel turns.
Servo tilt;
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

void setup() {
  tilt.attach(9);
  tilt.write(90);
  lcd.init();
  lcd.backlight();
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  int left = analogRead(A0), right = analogRead(A1);
  int diff = left - right;
  if (diff > 12 && tilt.read() > 2) tilt.write(tilt.read() - 2);
  else if (diff < -12 && tilt.read() < 178) tilt.write(tilt.read() + 2);

  float v = analogRead(A2) * (5.0 / 1023.0) * 5.0;   // the sensor divides by 5
  float watts = v * v / 47.0;                         // P = V^2 / R over the 47 ohm load

  lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("Angle: "); lcd.print(tilt.read()); lcd.print("   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("Panel: "); lcd.print(watts, 2); lcd.print(" W ");
  Serial.print("angle="); Serial.print(tilt.read());
  Serial.print(" panel="); Serial.print(watts, 2); Serial.println(" W");
  delay(60);
}

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